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In SAP Financial Accounting, a fiscal year variant is a configuration that defines how financial periods are structured for accounting purposes. When using monthly periods, the standard setup includes 12 regular posting periods, aligning with the number of months in a calendar year. This allows for detailed monthly financial reporting and ensures that all transactions can be accurately posted to the correct month.

Each of these 12 normal posting periods corresponds to one month of the fiscal year, facilitating monthly closings, reconciliation, and management reporting. This structure is particularly beneficial for organizations that want to monitor their financial performance on a monthly basis.

Some companies may configure additional special periods, such as year-end closing periods, which can bring the total number of posting periods higher, but those are distinct from the standard monthly posting periods. Therefore, the typical setup for a fiscal year variant that uses monthly periods is indeed 12.